See note 30, Lindeman Nelson 2002, at 32. Communication assessment of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) has seldom been investigated. To understand what we call “the bestowment view,” it is useful to consider an analogous view from another area. One cannot care for it, or be cruel to it; one cannot genuinely treat a table as a human (the best one could do is attempt to treat it as a human). The personal is philosophical is political: A philosopher and mother of a cognitively disabled person sends notes from the battlefield. This means that people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities need high levels of support from others with most aspects of daily living: help to eat, to wash, to dress, to use the toilet, to move about and to participate in any aspect of everyday life. Additionally, the following categories are often used to describe each level of intellectual disability from mild to profound. To respect the special relation between parents and their children, the surrounding society has to acknowledge its moral responsibility to all children, especially when their parents are not there to care for them.Footnote 27 Parental relation is not a purely biological one, but one of a social nature that holds between a child and the community as a whole. World Health Organization. Therefore, it is plausible that dead bodies have an objective value, in our sense of the term. Scanlon TM. Therefore, it is plausible that dead bodies possess objective value in virtue of the relations they bear to another thing (i.e., the person who once inhabited the body). And it seems that such an obligation does not exist only to please other members of the relevant culture. The definitions of intellectual disability (ID) and related terminology have evolved over time to reflect the legal and social gains made by individuals with such a disability and their families. “Bright: ‘a person with exceptionally high cognitive and emotional capacities that [make] possible for him an unusually high level of well-being’ Dull: ‘the same age as Bright but [is] constitutionally dim-witted and stolid. Just because the source of a value lies outside of an individual, it is no bar to that individual being the object of it. Every effort ought to be made to determine what can be said in their support before we accept that they must be revised or rejected.Footnote 38. Perhaps it is the fact that these items are in a certain relation to the art world itself, rather than the artist, that they have their value. They have a profound intellectual disability, which means that their intelligence quotient is estimated to be under 20 and therefore that they have severely limited understanding. Therefore, McMahan accepts this additional view to account for his moral belief that parents have special obligations toward their children. Our position, roughly, is this: most humans with PIMDs are persons in the morally significant sense and, therefore, deserve moral consideration equal to that granted to so-called “normal” human beings. This process continues until one’s moral beliefs and theory cohere; that is, until one has reached equilibrium. 23, which would actually classify him as having a profound intellectual disability instead of the diagnosed severe intellectual disability. It is plausible that persons go out of existence when their bodies die and, therefore, are not identical to their dead bodies. Generally speaking, it is difficult to disagree with McMahan about the moral significance of psychological capacities; that is, with the claim that they are sufficient conditions for personhood and, therefore, for being a being with full moral standing. Consequently, it is not required that those who are related to the human community participate within the human community, in the sense of partaking in those activities that normal human beings take part in. People with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities are among the most disabled individuals in our community. Subjects: Forty-four children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. If the moral value of humans with PIMD is to some extent based on bestowment, then we face the question of the moral status of pets. Elsewhere, we have argued that the fact that McMahan’s account cannot explain the equal moral worth of all human beings gives us a sufficient reason to reject it. II, ch. Full text views reflects PDF downloads, PDFs sent to Google Drive, Dropbox and Kindle and HTML full text views. Consider dead bodies, for example. 32. If we accept that moral value can be bestowed on individuals by their standing in relation to other things, we have no reason to abandon it, and this in and of itself gives us good reason to accept the bestowment view. and 2020. 9. Insofar as IQ (Intelligence Quotient) may be used as an indicator of general learning disability, a student with a severe general learning disability is described as having an IQ in the range 20 to 35 on standardised IQ tests, and a student with a profound general learning disability is described as having an IQ under 20. A person who can read, but has difficulty comprehending what he or she reads represents one example of someone with mild intellectual disability. for this article. People with moderate intellectual disability have fair communication skills, but cannot typically communicate on complex levels. To love a dog is not to treat it as a human, it is to treat it as a canine being because of its intrinsic properties; dogs are to be fed from a dish on the floor, made to sit under the table in the local pub, or thrown sticks in the park. However, it is overwhelmingly plausible that the original is objectively more valuable than the copy; that is, in the sense that having the value that it has is independent of which particular person is evaluating it. I myself share the common intuition and believe that intuitions that are as strong and as widely accepted as this ought not to be lightly abandoned. This is why we do not call it “the species membership relation,” but rather “the human community relation.” Precisely what this relation amounts to is genuinely difficult to describe. However, it is also plausible that there is an obligation toward the dead bodies of persons that binds all agents. 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