The easiest way to understand the digestive system is to divide its organs into two main categories. It comprises the portion of the alimentary canal from the end of the foregut at the opening of the bile duct to the hindgut, about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon. It is both an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, as well as a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist the absorption of nutrients and the digestion in the small intestine. Measurement of the serum lipase level is an important diagnostic test for acute and chronic pancreatitis. Specifically, the digestive system takes in food (ingests it), breaks it down physically and chemically into nutrient molecules (digests it), and absorbs the nutrients into the bloodstream, then, it rids the body of indigestible remains (defecates). the anterior part of the alimentary canal, from the mouth to the duodenum at the entrance of the bile duct. the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller components that are more easily absorbed into a blood stream, for instance. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DIPALI HARKHANI 2. Aids in digestion. Humans who have heartburn or acid reflux have a weak cardiac sphincter, allowing HCl (hydrochloric acid) from their stomach to get back up into their eusophagus, causing pain. is the watery substance produced in the mouths of humans and most other animals. refers to the stomach and intestine, and sometimes to all the structures from the mouth to the anus. Teach Yourself Biology Visually in 24 Hours - by Dr. Wayne Huang and his team. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. High-density lipoproteins are one of the five major groups of lipoproteins. Videos, follow-along-notes, and practice questions. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The entry to the esophagus opens only when swallowing or vomiting. The energy components of the diet are sugars, starches, fats, and oils, and these occur in relatively large amounts in the diet. Quiz Digestive System. As you have seen before, the structure of the different organs will vary according to their functions. successive waves of involuntary contraction passing along the walls of a hollow muscular structure (as the esophagus or intestine) and forcing the contents onward—compare segmentation 2. the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs. Molecules need to be small enough to diffuse across plasma membranes. a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine system of vertebrates. the first section of the small intestine; may be the principal site for iron absorption. Module 2: The Digestive System. Not all of the gastrointestinal tract is part of this system. Browse. It is accomplished mainly by bile acids in the small intestine. The cardiac sphincter is the valve which closes off the end of the eusophagus to the beginning of the stomach (the cardia). The digestive system begins with the mouth and extends through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, ending with the rectum and anus. A section of the stomach formed by the upper curvature of the organ. 2. an organ in other animals similar to the human liver, often used as food. At its termination behind the neck of the pancreas, the SMV combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein. a small organ that aids mainly in fat digestion and concentrates bile produced by the liver. Describe the types of movements that occur in the digestive system. It is the shortest part of the small intestine, where most chemical digestion takes place. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. It passes behind the pancreas and is attached above to the spine and the diaphragm. Digestive juices are produced by the pancreas and the gallbladder. an organ in vertebrates which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. By the end of this section, you will be able to: State the general function of the digestive system. a clear yellow or orange fluid produced by the liver. 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