[6] The Progressive Conservative Party's popularity reached a low of just over 15% in 1991. Thirdly, a significant number of NDP voters also switched to Reform. Le fonds couvre une période allant de 1916 à 2004. En 1983, elle obtient le Bachelor of Laws (maîtrise de droit) qui lui permet de s'inscrire au barreau de la Colombie Britannique, elle ouvre son cabinet à Vancouver[7]. By the end of the summer, Campbell's personal popularity was far ahead of that of Chrétien. The other traditional parties were also not faring well. Other minor parties included the Green Party of Canada which ran 79 candidates, Libertarian Party of Canada, the Marxist–Leninist Party of Canada and the Christian Heritage Party, which was mainly dedicated to opposing abortion. Or la popularité de Campbell se détériore rapidement. Campbell perd même son siège à Vancouver. Le Premier ministre porte le prédicat « le très honorable » à vie. avant le déclenchement de l’élection, Kim Campbell n’aura dirigé le gouvernement qu’un peu plus de quatre mois. Chrétien's approval ratings shot up, nullifying the only advantage the Progressive Conservatives still had over him. That same year, the NDP won a by-election in Quebec to take its first-ever seat in that province. [24] For instance, the environmentalist, anti-abortion, and anti-free trade movements all had closely associated parties. Avril Phaedra Douglas "Kim" Campbell PC CC OBC QC (born March 10, 1947) is a Canadian politician, diplomat, lawyer and writer who served as the 19th prime minister of Canada from June 25 to November 4, 1993. Kim Campbell, Canadian politician, who in June 1993 became the first woman to serve as prime minister of Canada. La première ministre paraît avoir des difficultés à s'entretenir avec les Canadiens « ordinaires » ; on l'accuse d'un ton supérieur et prétentieux. The party was shut out of Ontario for the first time in its history. Mulroney had also promised to change the constitutional status quo in favour of increasing provincial autonomy; this was one of the most important reasons for his party's support in Quebec. Jackson and Jackson, in their book Politics in Canada, argue that the proliferation of minor parties was an outgrowth of the single-issue political movements that had come to prominence in Canada in the 1980s. While John Turner and the Liberal leadership supported the Meech Lake Accord, there was significant internal disagreement, with Trudeau returning from retirement to speak out against it. One of the Reform Party's successful developments was its extensive grassroots fundraising network, which is still used by its latest incarnation (in a merger with the Progressive Conservatives), the Conservative Party of Canada. Les libéraux, menés par Jean Chrétien, remportent une forte majorité aux communes et forment le gouvernement suivant. Kim Campbell est nommée à la tête de ce groupe visant à élaborer la courte liste qui sera soumise au bureau du premier ministre[19],[20],[21]. She spent three years in that position. Reform's heavy concentration of Western support netted it 52 seats. After the Liberals' disappointing showing in the 1988 election, Turner stayed on for a couple of years before resigning. Avril Phaedra Campbell connue sous le nom de Kim Campbell, née le 10 mars 1947 à Port Alberni (Colombie-Britannique), est une femme d'État canadienne. Former prime minister, Kim Campbell, discussed why the Conservatives didn't make more gains in the federal election and why she says Alberta separatists need to grow up. Within an hour, Beck was forced to withdraw his candidacy.[17]. Elle fait l'observation fameuse qu'« une élection n'est pas le moment pour discuter des affaires sérieuses. The late 1980s recession badly harmed the Canadian economy, as unemployment increased dramatically and the federal budget deficit grew. Reform proposed deep cuts to federal programs in order to do this, while the Progressive Conservatives were less specific. They did this by raising the problem of Western alienation and rallying against the Charlottetown Accord, two issues that the NDP made unpopular stands on. [2] The sovereigntist Bloc Québécois won almost half the votes in Quebec and became the Official Opposition. As well, new leader Audrey McLaughlin made efforts to expand party support into Quebec instead of focusing on Western alienation, having defeated Dave Barrett, who had campaigned for the opposite policies. Its campaign was also accompanied by several million dollars of advertising, and it was successful in attracting media attention. The Tories had swept to power in 1984 largely by flipping many long-time Liberal bastions in Quebec, and held onto most of them in 1988. It ran 231 candidates, more than some major parties. It was one of the most eventful elections in Canada's history, with more than half of the electorate switching parties from the 1988 election. The party that elects the most candidates forms the government by appointing its party leader as Prime Minister and its Members of Parliament to the Cabinet of Canada. De nombreux facteurs auront contribué à la déconfiture des progressistes-conservateurs, notamment l’impopularité de Brian Mulroney, prédécesseur de Kim Campbell, et la colère du public envers plusieurs des initiatives stratégiques de ce gouvernement. [3] It remains the NDP's worst result in a federal election since its formation and the only election where the party polled fewer than one million votes. [16], Reform found itself embroiled in controversy when Toronto-area candidate John Beck made a series of anti-immigrant remarks in an interview with Excalibur, the York University student paper. In one stroke, Reform had replaced the Progressive Conservatives as the major right-wing party in Canada (despite being virtually nonexistent east of Manitoba) and supplanted the NDP as the voice of Western discontent. In addition, what remained of the initial euphoria over Campbell quickly wore off as the campaign progressed. Though the Bloc was the Official Opposition, the Liberals reckoned Reform as their main opposition on all other issues that were not specific to Quebec. It originally campaigned under the slogan "the West wants in". Many considered the Reform Party the de facto opposition on issues that did not pertain to Quebec and national unity. The Conservatives, despite cutting back on spending late in the campaign, were some $7.5 million in debt by the end of the election, and it took years to clear this burden. Even with these disappointments, the Liberals won 177 seats — the third-best performance in party history, and their best performance since their record of 190 seats in 1949. This party quickly gained the support of Quebec sovereigntists and access to the networks of the provincial Parti Québécois. Campbell reprend le professorat en science politique pendant quelques années, cette fois à l'université Harvard. Most of those seats would remain in Bloc hands for two decades, until nearly all of them were lost to the NDP at an election in which the Bloc was cut down to only four seats. The 1988 election had been almost wholly focused on the issue of the Free Trade Agreement with the United States, and similarly, the 1993 election was preceded by the agreement on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The five parties were reduced to four when the PC Party and Canadian Alliance (successor to the Reform Party) merged in 2003. Instead the GST remained. While several senior Cabinet members had passed over contesting the leadership, Minister of Justice Kim Campbell quickly emerged as the leading candidate to replace Mulroney as party leader and prime minister. However, this momentum did not last, and the Progressive Conservatives suffered the most lopsided defeat for a Canadian governing party at the federal level, and among the worst ever suffered by a governing party in the Western world, losing more than half their vote from 1988 and all but two of their 156 seats. Woolstencroft 32. Though they recovered slightly in the 1997 election, the Progressive Conservatives lost seats in 2000 and would never be a major force in Canadian politics again. Due to the first past the post system, which awards power solely on the basis of seats won, the Tories support was not concentrated in enough areas to translate into seats. Reform had built up a large base of support in rural central Ontario, which had been the backbone of past provincial Tory governments. Although Reform was now the major right-wing party in Canada, it was seen as too extreme by most Ontarians and thus had little chance of dislodging the Liberals. The BQ won with 47 of Quebec's 75 seats but, saw its popular vote decline, although it remained an important force in federal politics for Quebec. Nonetheless, the negative backlash over the television spot proved to be the final nail in the Tories' coffin. The Reform Party called for a "Zero in Three" plan that would reduce the deficit to zero in three years. If the candidate did not win 15% of the vote, which none of the minor parties did, these deposits would be forfeit. The Bloc Québécois benefited from a surge in support for Quebec nationalism after the failure of the Meech Lake Accord in 1990 which resulted in a number of Liberal and Progressive Conservative Members of Parliament (MPs) organizing to form the Bloc. [30] Ultimately, the NDP only retained 34.99% of the votes it received in the 1988 election, even less than the 38.58% of the vote that the Progressive Conservatives retained. In both Ontario and Atlantic Canada, the Liberals gained support from many centre-right voters who were fed up with the Tories but found Reform too extreme for comfort. When she assumed office in June, the party was deeply unpopular, and was further weakened by the emergence of new parties that were competing for its core supporters. The Tories' support in the West, with few exceptions, transferred to Reform, while their party's support in Quebec was split between the Liberals and the Bloc, and their support in Atlantic Canada and Ontario largely migrated to the Liberals. Believing they had no other way to keep the Liberals from winning a majority, Gregg and Tory decided to launch a series of commercials attacking Chrétien. [25] The smaller parties were not invited to the main leaders debate,[26] something Mel Hurtig of the National Party complained vehemently about. The New Democratic Party suffered badly in the election. L'élection fédérale canadienne de 1993[14] est annoncée pour l'automne. [19], Chrétien turned the situation to his advantage, comparing his opponents to the children who teased him when he was a boy. An election had to be called in the fall of 1993, since Parliament's term would expire some time in September. “That is a slogan designed to make people mad,” she said in an interview with Global News airing on Monday evening. Polling found that a considerable number of potential Liberal voters held negative opinions about Chrétien. La montée rapide de cette ministre méconnue jusqu'à devenir première ministre étonne le public canadien. Several reasons come to mind: People get tired of any government after a decade in office. The Reform Party became the Official Opposition in the 1997 election. Over the next five years, the popularity of Mulroney and his party collapsed. ", Whitehorn, Alan. In 1984, Brian Mulroney led the Progressive Conservatives to the biggest majority government in Canadian history, winning a majority of the seats in every province. The Bloc relied almost solely on individual donations, as its party charter barred donations from corporations. Her style was initially seen as frank and honest, but as her numbers dropped she was seen as condescending and pretentious. The CCF became the NDP in 1961 by which time it had clearly established itself as the nation's third major party. A Financial Times report on the meeting argued: "If Prime Minister Kim Campbell performs as well in the next election campaign as she has in Tokyo, her first summit may not be her last. [22] Actual election spending is far larger than these numbers indicate: each candidate raised substantial amounts of money independently of the national campaign. In early 1989, Deborah Grey won a by-election in an Edmonton-area riding to become the first Reform MP. The Liberals also did not do as well as hoped in British Columbia, winning almost no seats outside Vancouver. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 3 janvier 2021 à 09:31. [9] As the ruling Tories suffered the most backlash from the unsuccessful constitutional amendments in 1990 and 1992, the Liberals rapidly picked up support, and surged to a wide lead in opinion polling. In the following few years, their support continued to grow, at one point leading in the opinion polls. C'est … On paper, the Bloc was in a rather precarious position. This forced parties to disclose most donations, but put few limits on who could donate and how much could be given. In 2003, the Progressive Conservative Party disappeared entirely when it merged with the larger Canadian Alliance party to create the new Conservative Party of Canada. Reform had little money and few resources, so their limited funds led them to fly economy class, stay in cheap hotels, and rely on pre-packaged lunches, all which helped endear them to money-conscious fiscal conservatives. The NDP lost their only seat in the province, which it had gained in a 1990 by-election, as Phil Edmonston, a Quebec nationalist, opted not to see re-election because he disagreed with the party's support for the Charlottetown Accord.[31]. Reform had a major breakthrough, gaining a substantial portion of the Tories' previous support in the West. The traditional third party, the NDP, collapsed to nine seats only one election after having what was then its best performance. Another prominent minor party was the Natural Law Party. This helped the NDP win a series of victories at the provincial level. The French debates were held on the first night. One of them belonged to Chrétien, who won in Saint-Maurice, a strongly nationalist riding that he had previously represented from 1963 to 1986 (he had represented Beauséjour, New Brunswick as Opposition Leader from 1990–93). The Liberals retained the majority of the province's ridings, despite being defeated in 2006, finally relinquishing their lead in 2008. Articles on parties' candidates in this election: Bold indicates parties with members elected to the House of Commons. ", Chris Cobb "Maharishi had Last Laugh over Canadian Taxpayer. In the year of the election, two traditional parties, the Liberals and Conservatives, each received about 60% of their funding from corporations and the rest from individuals. En 1996, le gouvernement libéral la nomme au poste de consul général canadien à Los Angeles. 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They also won seats in Saskatchewan for the first time since 1974 and in Alberta for the first time since 1968. She was decisively defeated by Jean Chrétien and the Liberals, reduced to two seats in the House of Commons, the worst defeat of a federal government in Canadian history. Son portrait officiel dans la galerie des premiers ministres de l'édifice du Parlement est dévoilé le 30 novembre 2004. The 1993 election is considered a political realignment election with lasting effects on Canadian politics. Le troisième parti traditionnel, le Nouveau Parti démocratique, s'effondre, récoltant seulement neuf sièges après avoir connu les meilleurs résultats de son histoire lors de l'élection précédente. The opposition was divided between four parties. Elle dit alors ressentir l' « honneur profond » d'être la seule femme représentée dans cette galerie et dit : « J'ai vraiment hâte au jour où mon portrait sera accompagné de beaucoup d'autres visages féminins. When she assumed office in June, the party was deeply unpopular, and was further weakened by the emergence of new parties that were competing for its core supporters. Le Premier ministre du Canada ou la Première ministre du Canada (en anglais, Prime Minister of Canada) est le chef du gouvernement du Canada, nommé par le gouverneur général. The Liberals lost 95 seats in the worst defeat for a governing party at the federal level at the time. Some time after the election it applied to Canada's Chief Election officer to de-register the party. However, with few exceptions, most of that support bled to the Bloc in 1993. The Right Honourable Kim Campbell P.C. Elle tient ce poste jusqu'en 2000[15]. In 2003, the Canadian Alliance under Stephen Harper and the Progressive Conservatives under Peter MacKay merged, creating the Conservative Party of Canada. Campbell is the first and only woman to hold the position.. Campbell was also the first baby boomer to hold the office, and the only prime minister born in British Columbia. The Liberals also held onto Edmonton Southeast, the lone seat in Alberta they held when the writ was dropped, which they picked up in 1990 when David Kilgour crossed the floor from the Progressive Conservatives. Since Confederation in 1867, Canada had a two-party system with the Liberals and Conservatives alternating in government. Former Prime Minister Kim Campbell speaks to CBC's Heather Hiscox about Trumps victory, Clinton's loss and the future of women in politics. Auparavant, elle a été ministre d'État aux Affaires indiennes et du Nord canadien, ministre de la Justice et procureure générale et ministre de la Défense nationale et ministre des Anciens Combattants. The party also advocated a reduction in immigration levels and a retreat from official bilingualism.[7]. Not coincidentally, the federal NDP was decimated in both of those provinces; it lost all 10 of its Ontario MPs and all but two of its British Columbia MPs, more than half of the party's caucus in the Commons. The Bloc won 54 seats, capturing just under half the vote in Quebec and nearly sweeping the francophone ridings there. Le Bloc québécois, souverainiste, remporte plus du deux tiers des sièg… The Conservatives had the largest budget, spending $10.4 million on their national campaign; the Liberals spent $9.9 million, while the NDP spent $7.4 million. Mulroney's former riding, Charlevoix in eastern Quebec, fell to Bloc candidate Gérard Asselin in a landslide; the Tory candidate only received 6,800 votes and almost lost his deposit.[28]. The party had been in office for all but 22 years between 1896 and 1984. Few of these parties were expected to win a seat. "The NDP's Quest for Survival. "'Doing Politics Differently': The Conservative Party and the Campaign of 1993. One factor was the unpopularity of NDP provincial governments led by Bob Rae in Ontario and Mike Harcourt in British Columbia, which reflected badly on their federal counterpart. The New Democrats lost support in several directions. [21] The Liberals opposed NAFTA and promised to try to renegotiate the FTA, but this was not a central campaign theme. When she was running for the party leadership, Campbell's frank honesty was seen as an important asset and a sharp contrast from Mulroney's highly polished style (Mulroney was criticized for waiting until the last year of his mandate before resigning, leaving office only two-and-a-half months before the Tories' five-year term ended, as well as for his international farewell tour devoid of any official business). Gilles Duceppe won a 1990 by-election, and throughout the period leading up to the election, the Bloc polled as the most popular party in Quebec. They also won all but one seat in Ontario; only a 123-vote loss to Reform's Ed Harper in Simcoe Centre denied the Liberals the first clean sweep of Canada's most populous province by a single party. It?s no surprise Kim Campbell was known as an overachiever even in the early days of her childhood. The NDP was also indirectly hampered by the nationwide collapse of the PC vote. ", This page was last edited on 8 January 2021, at 05:42. In a surprise victory in 1990, Bob Rae led the party to office in Ontario–the first time the NDP had formed a provincial government east of Manitoba. In the 1993 election, her party won just two seats and she was defeated in her own riding of Vancouver Centre. "When I was a kid people were laughing at me. However, this support was spread out across the country. Kim Campbell, Canada's first and only female prime minister, says she'd like to see another woman take the reins. In addition, Duceppe failed to win his old riding back from the NDP incumbent and resigned as leader once again. Campbell began her career as an assistant state attorney in the 6th Judicial Circuit. In the West, the Liberals dominated Manitoba, winning all but two seats. This gave them an overwhelming majority in the Commons; no other party crossed the 60-seat mark. [15] The campaign was managed by seasoned professional Rick Anderson. It was the best-funded campaign, but it quickly ran into organizational problems. All other Cabinet members also lost their seats except for Jean Charest, who won re-election in Sherbrooke, Quebec; moreover, many prominent ministers such as Michael Wilson, Don Mazankowski, Joe Clark, and John Crosbie did not seek re-election. Even though it was obvious by October that Chrétien would be the next prime minister, the memory of vote splitting in 1988 (a major factor in the Conservative win that year) still resonated with many NDP sympathizers. He attempted to amend the constitution twice, but both reform proposals failed. In addition, 147 PC candidates failed to win 15% of the vote, losing their deposits and failing to qualify for funding from Elections Canada. At the Rideau Hall event, she told reporters that it was unlikely that the deficit or unemployment would be much reduced before the "end of the century". Elle est première ministre du Canada du 25 juin au 4 novembre 1993, première femme à accéder à la fonction. Small "c" conservatives in the West and Ontario who traditionally supported of the Progressive Conservatives were drawn to Reform for several reasons. Kim Cambell est la fille de Phyllis "Lissa" Margaret (née Cook; 1923–2013) et de George Thomas Campbell (1920–2002)[1]. In 1988, the peak of federal NDP support was a major asset to the success of provincial affiliates; however, by 1993, they were a considerable liability to the federal party because of recessions, social policies, and scandals. The Reform Party won nearly as many seats and replaced the PCs as the major right-wing party in the Commons, although it won only one seat east of Manitoba. Key to its victory was being able to make inroads into the eastern part of Canada as well as distancing itself from its Reform legacy with a more moderate agenda, winning a significant number of seats in Ontario and making a breakthrough in Quebec. The NDP had never been a force in Quebec, but they had been supported by those who would not vote for either the Liberals or Progressive Conservatives. Thus, it is nearly impossible to form even a minority government without considerable support in one or both provinces. The most important issue of the 1993 election was the economy. Ellis, Faron and Keith Archer. Over the course of the campaign, Progressive Conservative support steadily bled away to the other parties. The Reform Party developed an extensive grassroots network in much of the West and Ontario. Popular vote by province, with graphs indicating the number of seats won. The Bloc's leader Lucien Bouchard campaigned on promising that the Bloc would represent Quebec's interests at the federal level, by running candidates exclusively in Quebec while endorsing and supporting Quebec sovereignty (political independence from Canada). From 2003 until her judicial election in 2012, she ran her own firm, Kimberly A. Campbell, P.A., and worked for the Law Offices of Thomas Donnelly. The election date was set for October 25. Elle est première ministre du Canada du 25 juin au 4 novembre 1993, première femme à accéder à la fonction. Both provinces constitute nearly two-thirds of the Canadian population. The Meech Lake Accord collapsed in 1990 when the provincial legislatures of Newfoundland and Manitoba adjourned without bringing the issue to a vote; all 10 provincial legislatures had to ratify the accord for it to become law. The heavy debt load would hamper the party's ability to campaign in subsequent elections, and this would lead to its eventual merger with Reform's successor, the Canadian Alliance. York students confronted Manning with the remarks, who immediately denounced them. The consensus was that the Liberals were on their way to at least a minority government, and would probably win a majority without dramatic measures. As a result, the Liberals were unable to capitalize on the collapse of Tory support in the province. Susan Campbell - "KIM". Kim Campbell was prime minister for just a few months. “It’s designed to create unnecessary division, anger, resentment. La majorité des commentateurs perçoivent sa défaite sans précédent comme étant le résultat de l'impopularité de son prédécesseur plutôt que de la gouvernance de Campbell elle-même ; toutefois, elle démissionne de la chefferie conservatrice quelques semaines après les élections, le 13 décembre 1993, nommant Jean Charest chef intérimaire. It was also hampered in Quebec because Manning could not speak French. Bien que son mandat n'ait jamais été confirmé par une élection populaire, elle demeure la seule femme chef d'un gouvernement national nord-américain jusqu'à présent. [19] The Tories also pointed out that Chrétien himself had used his half-paralyzed face in the campaign, with Liberal signs in Quebec that translated as "Strange-looking face, but reflect on what's inside." Campbell briefly changed the party's name to the "Christian Freedom Party" in an attempt to appeal to social conservatives. Former prime minister Kim Campbell calls Wexit — the Alberta separatist movement that gained steam after the federal election — a dead end. Elle jouit d'abord d'une grande popularité, due au fait d'être la première femme à atteindre un tel poste. The leaders debates were held October 3 and 4, and were generally regarded as inconclusive, with no party gaining a boost from them. After the 1984 election the NDP had ten fewer seats than the Liberals, there was considerable talk that Canada was headed for a UK-style Labour-Tory division, with the Liberals following their UK counterparts into third-party status. Mulroney's "grand coalition" completely fell apart. Quelques années après, elle démissionne de l'assemblée législative pour être candidate lors de l'élection fédérale de 1988 pour le Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada. 2011 saw massive change in the province, with the Bloc falling to 25% and just 4 seats in the Commons, losing official party status and being treated as independents. It is also one of the few instances of a governing party in any country going from a strong majority to being almost wiped off the electoral map. Elle est la présidente du Council of Women World Leaders (en)[16] et la secrétaire générale du Club of Madrid (en)[17], un organisme indépendant d'anciens chefs d'État et de gouvernement qui promeut la démocratie dans le monde. Elle se lance dans la course pour succéder à Brian Mulroney[10],[11] à la direction progressiste-conservatrice, et de ce fait, au poste de première ministre, après la démission de Mulroney en 1993. All of their Alberta seats were in the Edmonton area (Anne McLellan in Edmonton Northwest, John Loney in Edmonton North, and Judy Bethel in Edmonton East), which has historically been friendlier to the Liberals than the rest of Alberta. Reform's appeal to populist policies such as calling for a democratically elected and regionally equal Senate as well as supporting the use of more plebiscites and referenda in the political process was very popular in Western Canada. Elle demeure en fonction comme maître de conférence en politique publique à la Kennedy School of Government de l'université Harvard[18], et fait partie de plusieurs conseils d'administration de sociétés de haute technologie et de biotechnologie. Manning, who did not speak French, read prepared opening and closing remarks, but did not participate in the debate itself. Kim Campbell le soir de son élection comme chef du Parti progressiste-conservateur et, de facto, première ministre du Canada il y a 26 ans. Whole was left deeply in debt, but as her numbers dropped she was seen as Frank honest! In order to do this, Campbell 's initial efforts helped the party 's name the... But I accepted that because God gave me other qualities and I 'm.... The time gilles Duceppe lost his own riding of Laurier—Sainte-Marie to the Senate them off air. M. Frank, Krishnamurthy, and change to the `` Christian Freedom ''! 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At St. Petersburg College were issued 52 seats Manning, who did speak...