Academic dress is the formal attire worn by students and officials at a commencement or graduation ceremony. Academic dress used by universities in Thailand follow two traditions. An Indonesian toga generally comes in three pieces of clothing: a gown, a cape or a hood, and a cap with tassel (pentagon-shaped mortarboard/bonnet). Where socks or stockings are worn, there should be no gap between the bottom of the trouser leg or skirt and the top of the socks or stockings. Undergraduates at many older universities also wear gowns;[62] the most common essentially a smaller knee-length version of the Bachelor's gown, or the Oxford Commoners gown which is a sleeveless lay type gown and has two streamers at the back at Oxford. rev. Nowadays, it is only found at special occasions, such as graduation ceremonies. The tassel is composed of a cluster of silk threads which are wrapped together with a cord which is attached to the button affixed to the centre of the headpiece. The hood, like the gown, is identical to that of the hood for the Cambridge Master of Arts. In early medieval times, all students at the universities were in at least minor orders, and were required to wear the cappa or other clerical dress, and restricted to clothes of black or other dark colour. Universities that were affiliated to the former University of Ceylon issue black gowns for graduates and post graduates; red gowns for masters and Phd graduates; crimson gowns for chancellors with a different colour gowns for senior academic faculty. In general, the materials used for academic dress are heavily influenced by the climate where the academic institution is located, or the climate where the graduate will usually be wearing the costume (as a faculty member at another institution, for example). Previously available from http://www.geocities.com/noelcox/Introduction.htm. Some universities use a traditional robe of the Siamese Court known as suea khrui, (Chulalongkorn University, the country's first university, is in this group), while others follow Western styles. [78] The Code calls for the outside shell of the hood (see, below) to remain black in that case, however. Other UP campuses followed suit. Gibson, William (2004). Academic dress or academical dress is traditional clothing for academic settings, primarily tertiary and sometimes secondary education. Three-horned birettas are to be used by Licentiates, four-horned for Doctors. Graduation Cap and Gown History: Medieval Times. [78], The Code calls for the shell material of the hood to match the robe, and for the colour to be black regardless of the colour of the robe being worn. In either case, the American Council of Education (ACE) allows for the comfort of the wearer, and concedes that lighter materials be used in tropical climates, and heavier materials elsewhere. Sunday, 26 April 1896. However, the modern academic form was not popularized until the eighteenth century, when wood or card was used to stiffen the square. In other Tunisian universities, Like the Medicine university, Doctoral graduates wear an academic dress. Undergraduate gowns are usually made from cotton or cotton and polyester mix and are relatively inexpensive to encourage students to own them. [73] Students of most colonial colleges were required to wear the "college habit" at most times – a practice that lasted until the eve of the American Civil War in many institutions of higher learning. The daily clothing of a scholar, whether student or teacher, was the dress of a cleric. In the English tradition, it has developed to an often bright and decorative garment worn only on special occasions. Medieval scholars studied and worked in unheated buildings, and wore long gowns, hoods and eventually skull caps. 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